peters



NA PETERS, FHDTOLITHOGRAPNER, WASHINGTON, DIC.

WEE smarts PATENT. @Prion DEEE GREEN, or DAL'roN, GEoRGIiA.

METHOD `or FORMING EMBANKMENTS, LEvEEs, am.

Specification of Letters; Patent No. "7,4255,datedJunef11,1850.`

To all whom t may concerw:

Be it known that I, DUFF GREEN, of Dalton, in the county of Murray and`State of Georgia, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements inthe Methods of Removing Earth, Constructing Embankments, and Filling Upof Low Lands, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, whichexemplifies the manner in which my invention is carried into effect andwhich forms part of this specification.

My invention consists in conveying the earth from the `site whence it isto be removed to the place where it is to be deposited by means of acurrent of water caused to flow articially in a trough` or trench fromthe one place to the other with sufficient velocity to carry along withit the earth thrown therein, but which, when it arrives at the place ofdeposit has its `velocity sufficiently checked to be no longer capableof carrying alongthe earth which is therefore deposited.

In order to form an embankment by my process I commence by constructingbrush dams on each side of the space on whichthe embankment is to beformed; I then select as the site whence the earth is to be furnishedthe nearest high ground to which a stream of `water can be convenientlyconveyed from some higher source or to `which itcan be raised from somelower source;`

from this site to the space between the brush dams, I construct a trenchortrough with a suflicient descent to give the water running through it`the requisite velocity to carry along the earth thrown therein. If nowthe water be caused to flow through the trough so formed and the earthbe thrown into it, the latter will be carried with the water into thespace between the brush dams where the velocity `of the water, from thelarge space over which it is distributed, is checked to such a degreethat it can no longer carry along the earth which is thereforedeposited, the heavier portions nearer the mouth of the trough, and thelighter at distances from it proportioned to their density, the brushdams acting as fillers to retain the earth and allow the water toescape.

structedi to: thepspace D between the brush` dams E, E. The earth at thehigh ground is thrown into this trough and discharged between the dams.

Where brush can not conveniently be procured in suiicient quantity, thedams may be made of earth` in which waste-weirs should be made at somedist-ance from the foot of the trough to allow the surface water to flowoff. As the greatest deposit takes place near the foot of the trough thelatter must be gradually extended in different directions to cause the`embankment to rise equally and as the space between the dams isgradually lled up, the latter must be progressively raised until theembankment reaches the requisite height, care being taken to give themthe requisite batter to ensure the stability of the embankment. Infilling up low lands it may only be necessary to construct a single damat the lowest side of the space to be fitted up as the ground rising on`.the other sides will itself retain the water.

In cases where the distancebetweenthe two sites is considerable it mayhe expedient to substitute a close pipe (G Fig. 2), in place of the opentrough and to keep up the velocity of the water by the introduction, atsuitable intervals, of supplementary streams (b). In such cases careshould be taken to cause the supplementary streams to enter the pipe (asat Fig. 2) at a small angle in the same direction in which the water inthe pipe is flowing, and a hanging gate a' should be placed at suchpoints to prevent the reflux of the water from the main pipe into thepipe which conveys the supplementary stream.

The examples given herein are suflicient to show the manner of carryingmy invention into practice, but it is obvious that my invention admitsof far more extended applications, and I intend to apply it and claimthe right to use it wherever it is applicable for engineering or otherpurposes and especially to making levees or embankments on the banks ofrivers; in these cases or when used for conveying earth to aconsiderable distance it will be expedient to construct the main pipewith branches and openings by means of which lateral or crossembankments can be made; these branches will also be of use in removingobstructions from the main pipe as the latter may be shut off below thebranch or opening `nearest the obstruction and the Whole force of theWater Water from a higher level, substantially as j Will then act todrive the obstruction through herein specied.

the branch. In testimony whereof I have hereunto What I claim as myinvention and desire subscribed my name this nineteenth day of 5 tosecure by Letters Patent is March A. D. 1850.

The method herein described of deposit- DUFF GREEN ing earth to formembankments, levees, ete., and to fill up 10W situations, by means ofWitnesses: vfiltering dams, or their equivalents, and a P. IFI. WATSON,

10 trough or conduit conveying earth and Y E. S, RENWICK.

